V. Parménides metaphysics.
"Thought and being are one and the same" - Parménides
Many existences are derived from several fundamental ones. Only by ignoring the derivated existences can one get to know the primordial existence.
Parménides of Elea is a greek philosopher that criticizes Heráclito's point of view as he finds a contradiction on his transitory existence's argument. An entity that goes from being to non-being is impossible in the world and as such it's a fallacy to think all of reality is on a state of change. From it he creates the concept known as the Identity Principle.
According to this principle, existence is:
1.-Unique.
As there can only be one of a given existence.
2.-Eternal.
As it can't go from being to non-being.
3.-Immutable.
As changing would mean to stop being and turn into another existence.
4.-Infinite.
-As being constrained would mean it's limited by another bigger concept, hence negating it's value as an existence.
5.-Immobile.
As being able to change places would require it possesses a limited space, hence not being infinite.
From it he divides the universe in two aspects:
1.-Sensible universe. That which can be perceived through our senses. It's initelligible and ever changing.
2.-Inteligible universe. That which is true, unique, eternal, immutable, infinite and immobile. That which we can't perceive with our senses but we can understand.
According to Parménides: that which can't be thought, can't be. As such it's not necessary to understand reality.
Parménides of Elea is a greek philosopher that criticizes Heráclito's point of view as he finds a contradiction on his transitory existence's argument. An entity that goes from being to non-being is impossible in the world and as such it's a fallacy to think all of reality is on a state of change. From it he creates the concept known as the Identity Principle.
According to this principle, existence is:
1.-Unique.
As there can only be one of a given existence.
2.-Eternal.
As it can't go from being to non-being.
3.-Immutable.
As changing would mean to stop being and turn into another existence.
4.-Infinite.
-As being constrained would mean it's limited by another bigger concept, hence negating it's value as an existence.
5.-Immobile.
As being able to change places would require it possesses a limited space, hence not being infinite.
From it he divides the universe in two aspects:
1.-Sensible universe. That which can be perceived through our senses. It's initelligible and ever changing.
2.-Inteligible universe. That which is true, unique, eternal, immutable, infinite and immobile. That which we can't perceive with our senses but we can understand.
According to Parménides: that which can't be thought, can't be. As such it's not necessary to understand reality.
VI. Plato's realism.
Plato analyzes Parménide's philosophy and detects a mistake. He detects that Parmenides confounds essence with consistency.
Using the knowledge gained from Parménides and Sócrates, Plato creates the concept of idea. That word is made by him to represent that which is. That being which is unique, eternal, immutable, infinite and immobile. He considers the ideas as things representing the essence of those in the sensible universe.
According to Plato every thing that exists in the sensible world has a corresponding idea in the inteligible world. There's a relationship between the two and the idea represents the purest example of the thing that represents it.
Plato creates the dialectic as a means to depurate reality and get closer to the ideal that the real object is meant to represent, which gets to be known as it's Platonic ideal.
Also hypothesizes all ideas have a rank which he, like his teacher Sócrates becomes ruled by the concept of good, that which rules above all the others.
Using the knowledge gained from Parménides and Sócrates, Plato creates the concept of idea. That word is made by him to represent that which is. That being which is unique, eternal, immutable, infinite and immobile. He considers the ideas as things representing the essence of those in the sensible universe.
According to Plato every thing that exists in the sensible world has a corresponding idea in the inteligible world. There's a relationship between the two and the idea represents the purest example of the thing that represents it.
Plato creates the dialectic as a means to depurate reality and get closer to the ideal that the real object is meant to represent, which gets to be known as it's Platonic ideal.
Also hypothesizes all ideas have a rank which he, like his teacher Sócrates becomes ruled by the concept of good, that which rules above all the others.